An overview C++ data types

Numerical Data Types

Character Data Types

Other Data Types

As a  point of note regarding the Bool data type, in previous languages such as C, false was represented as a 0 value and true was represented as any non-zero value.

The Enum data type; Consider the need to use a data type to represent days of the week.
How do you store this information in a data type?
You could use an array, but what type of data would you use?
Perhaps a string data type?
But how do you prevent someone from adding a non-valid day of the week, like moncleday, to the array?
If you create an enumeration that stores only valid values for Sunday through Saturday, you constrain the data type to those literal constants only.