OpenVMS Commands with unix equivalents

OpenVMS Commands with unix equivalents

 OpenVMS    unix  Explanation/examples
=========================================================================
APPEND    cat  Concatenates files.  If contents of file1 need to be placed at the end of file2 issue the following unix command.cat file1 >> file2
ASSIGN or DEFINE  =   (Bourne & Korn)set (C shell) in Bourne or Korn shell DIR = lsin C shell set DIR ls
ATTACH    fg 
BACKUP    tar or pax back up files into a tar file.
  /INIT    tar -c or pax Restore files.
  /LIST    tar -t  List contents.
  /LOG    tar -v  Report progress.
  /NOREWIND   tar -r  Write at end of existing backup (tar) files.
  /RECORD   tar -m  Update file^Òs modification date upon restore.
COPY    cp  Copy a file 
COPY    ftp  Copy to/from a nontrusted remote host.
COPY    rcp  Copy to/from a remote host.
COPY /CONFIRM   cp -i  Confirm before copying.
CREATE    touch  Create or update a file.
  /DIRECTORY   mkdir  Create a subdirectory.
CREATE filename   cat << filename Create a file from the keyboard.
CREATE filename   cat 
DEBUG    dbx  Debug a program.
DELETE    rm  Delete a file.
DELETE    rmdir  Delete an empty subdirectory.
  /CONFIRM   rm -i  Confirm deletion.
  /ENTRY   lprm  Remove queued line printer job.
  /QUEUE   lprm -P  Remove all jobs from the queue.
  /LOG    rm -e  Delete files and list them as they are deleted.
  /SYMBOL   unset  Get rid of an environment variable.
DIFFERENCES   diff  Display all differences in files or directories.
  /MAXIMUM_DIFF= 1  cmp  Display first difference in two files (typically used with binary files).
  /NUMBER NL:   cat -n Display a file with line numbers.
  /SLP    diff - e Generate editing changes for the ed editor.
DIRECTORY   ls  List files.
DIRECTORY [...]   ls -R  Do a recursive directory/list of files.
DIRECTORY [...]   find  Find a file
DIRECTORY *.DIR   ls -d  List directory name(s) only ls -Rd
  /BY_OWNER   ls -l dir | grep owner List only those files owned by a specifed user.
  /COLUMN   ls -1  List one file per line.
  /DATE    ls -c  List by creation/last modification.
  /FULL    ls -l  Long listing.
  /FULL /TOTAL   du  Summarize disk usage.
  /MODIFIED /SINCE [...] find -mtime +n Modified more than n days ago.
  /MODIFIED /BEFORE [...] find -mtime +n Modified more than n days ago.
  /OWNER   ls -g  Include group (used with |).
  /SIZE    ls -s  Include size.
DISMOUNT /UNLOAD  mt rewofmt offline Rewind and unload the tape.
DUMP    od  Dump a file in various formats.
  /HEXADECIMAL   od -h  Hexadecimal dump.
  /OCTAL   od -o  Octal dump.
EDIT /EDT,EDIT /EVE, EVE vi  Screen editor session.
EDIT /RECOVER   vi -r  Recover a screen editing session.
EXCHANGE   dd  Back up, restore, and convert nonstandard files.
EXIT    exit  Terminate a script.
HELP    man  Display online reference pages. 
HELP HINTS   man -k topic Display a list of commands that correspond to the specified topic.
INQUIRE /NOPUNCTUATION  read choice?  Prompt for a responce and put the response into an environment variable.
INITIALIZE device:  fddisk -fmt device Format a diskette.
LIBRARY    ar  Library maintainer.
  /CREATE   ar -cr  Create library.
  /EXTRACT   ar -x  Extract modules.
  /INSERT   ar -q  Insert modules.
  /LIST    ar -t  List modules.
  /REPLACE   ar -r  Replace modules.
LINK    ld  Link compiled source code into an executable image.
login procedureLOGIN /CLI .login.cshrc.profile.kshrc Set of commands automatically executed at login time.  On OpenVMS, LOGIN/CLI specifies an alternate command language interpreter.
LOGOUT    logout C shellexit Bourne & Korn shell Terminate a terminal session.
MAIL    mail  Invoke the mail utility.
MERGE    sort -m  Merge sorted files.
MOUNT    mount  Mount a tape.
ON COUNTROL_C THEN  trap 2  Enable handler for Stop signal.
ON CONTROL_Y   onintr  On interrupt.
PHONE    talk tty name Communicate interactively with another user.
PRINT    lpr  Print a file on the default line printer.
  /COPIES=N   lpr -#n  Print n copies.
  /DELETE   lpr -r  Remove file after printing
PRINT commands cont.  
  /FORM    lpr -ln  Make page n lines (default = 66)
  /FORM    lpr -n  Print n column output.
  /FORM    lpr -wn  Set line width to n
  /HEADER   pr -h string | lpr Print a header on each page.
  /NAME=jobname   lpr -Jjobname Include job name on the first page of the job.
  /NOFLAG   lpr -h  Print with no header page.
  /NOTIFY   lpr -m  Send mail upon completion.
  /PAGES=(n,^Ô^Ô)   lpr +n  Begin printing on page n.
  /QUEUE   lpr -Pqueue Print a file on the specified queue.
READ    read  Read input (korn shell)
RECALL /ALL   history  Recall command lines
REPLY /USER   write  Send a brief message to a logged-in user
RENAME mv   move/rename a file(s)
   /CONFIRM   mv -i  confirm the move/rename of a file(s)
SEARCH    grep  Search files for strings.
   /MATCH=NOR   grep -v  List only lines that do not match
   /NOEXACT   grep -i  Ignore case distinctions.
   /NUMBERS   grep -n  Precede each match with line number.
   /STATISTICS   grep -c  List only a file name that contains match
  /WINDOW = 0   grep -l  Return only file name(s) that contains match
  file pat^Òrn /WINDOW=5  more -5  +/pat^Òrn file Display search line plus two lines before and after. (Terminate with q).
  file pat^Òrn /WIND=(5,0) cat file | more -5+pat^Òrn Display search line plus next five lines.
SET DEFAULT   cd  Change directory.
SET FILE/OWNER   chgrp  Change group ownership of a file.
SET HOST   rlogin  Network login to trusted host.
SET HOST /DTE   tip  Dial remote host.
SET HOST 0 /LOG   script  Record a transcript of a terminal session.
SET PASSWORD   passwd  Change you local password.
SET PROCESS /PRIORITY  nice or renice Change the priority of a process.
SET PROTECTION   chmod  Change file protection.
   /DEFAULT   umask  Change default protection for files not yet created.
SET TERMINAL   tset or stty Set terminal characteristics.
SET VERIFY   ksh -x orcsh -x Verify command or script execution.  Echo after variable substitution.
SHOW DEFAULT   pwd  Display current directory.
SHOW DEVICE /FULL  df filesystem Display information on a file system
SHOW LOGICAL   printenv Display environment characteristics.
SHOW PROCESS /ALL  ps -l  Dislay all processes on system.
SHOW /QUEUE   lpq  Display default print queue status.
SHOW STATUS   time  Display resources used by a process.
SHOw TIME   date  Display date and time
SHOW USERS   who  Display the list of current system users.
SORT    sort  Sort and merge.
   /KEY sort       +fskip.cskip /-fskip.cskip Starting/ending porint of sort key.
   /OUTPUT   sort -o file Direct output to file.
SPAWN /NOWAIT   bg  Move a process to the background.
STOP /ID   kill -9  Remove a process.
SUBMIT    at  Start a process at a latter time.
TYPE    cat  Display a file
   /PAGE   more  Display a file, pausing after each page.
   /PAGE NL:   clear  Clear the terminal screen.
WRITE    /bin/echovar > file Create a file and write a string or the contents of a variable to it.
WRITE    /bin/echovar >> file Append a string or the contents of a variable to an existing file.
WRITE SYS$OUTPUT  echo (c Shell)print (Korn) Write to standard output.

OpenVMS Mathematical Operators Function Equivalents
====================================================
OpenVMS  unix Explanation
.EQ., .EQS. == Equal to
.NE., .NES. ! Not equal to
.AND.  && Boolean and
.OR.  || Boolean or
.GT., .GTS. > Greater than
.GE., .GES. >= Greater than or equal to
.LT., .LTS. < Less than
.LE., .LES. <= Less than or euqal to
+  + add
-  - Subtract
*  * Multiply
/  / Divide
var + 1  var++ Increment by 1
var - 1  var-- Decrement by 1
  % Modulo
  >> Right bit shift
  << Left bit shift
.NOT.  ~ 1^Òs complement
.NOT.  ! Logical negation
.OR.  | Inclusive OR
  ^ Exclusive OR
.AND.  & And

OpenVMS Lexical Function and unix Equivalents
=============================================
OpenVMS     unix  Explanation
F$ENVIRONMENT(^ÓINTERACTIVE^Ô)  tty -s  Determine if you are an interactive user.
F$EXTRACT(start, length, string) cut -c  Locate fields in a test string and write them out.
F$ELEMENT(element#, delimiter, string) cut -f -d awk Locate delimited fields in a test string.
F$ENVIRONMENT(^ÓPROCEDURE^Ô)  $0 (Korn)$arg [0] (C) Get name of currently executing script.
F$TRANSLATE(^ÓSYS$SYSDEVICE^Ô)  sizer -r Get name of the device from which the operating system bootstrapped.
F$GETDVI(^ÓTT:^Ô, ^ÓDEVNAM^Ô)  tty -s  Determine the name of the terminal you are using.
F$GETSYI(^ÓHW_NAME^Ô)   sizer -c Get model name of the CPU
F$GETSYI(^ÓHW_MODEL^Ô)F$GETSYI(^ÓCPU^Ô) sizer -wt Return workstation device type
F$GETSYI(^ÓVERSION^Ô)   sizer -bstrings /vmunix | grep ^Ñ(Rev^Òuname -a Determine booted kernel^Òs file name and system version.
F$GETSYI(^ÓPHYSICALPAGES^Ô)  uerf -r 300 -R | grep physical (+2)wc -c/dev/mem Get the physical memory on a system.
F$GETSYI(^ÓBOOTTIME^Ô)   who -b Get system boot time.

 unix Branching statements
DCL command procedures rely on the statements if, gosub, call, and goto for program branching.  The shells under unix offer several branching statements.

Shell Branching Statements Offered
====================================
csh if, goto, while, foreach, switch, shift
ksh do, case, elif, for, function, if, select, time, until, while
sh if, for, while, until, case

Debugging Shell Scripts
Debugging of shell scripts is done by invoking ksh or sh scripts

with the -x and -v flags.

Debuging of C shell scripts by invoking them with the -v, -V, -x or -X flags.

The result is like using the OpenVMS command set verify.